Mohammed Hidayatullah

Mohammad Hidayatullah

Acting President of India

Tenure - 20 July 1969 - 24 August 1969

Birth - December 17, 1905 (Lucknow, British Raj)

Death - 18 September 1992 (age 86)

Political Party - Independent

Muhammad Hidayatullah (English: Mohammad Hidayatullah, born 17 December 1905 - died: 18 September 1992) was the first Muslim Chief Justice of India It would be better to call Muhammad Hidayatullah as the first acting president of India, because it was not elected president according to India's constitutional order. He also took over as the acting President of India on two occasions. Along with that, he was also the sixth Vice-President of India for a full term.

Life introduction

The ancestors of Muhammad Hidayatullah were originally from the people of Benaras, who were counted in educated books. Muhammad Hidayatullah was born on 17 December 1905 in Nagpur (Maharashtra). His grandfather Mr. Munshi Kudratullah was a lawyer in Banaras while his father Khan Bahadur Hafiz Vilayatullah I.S.O. Magistrates were posted in the headquarters. His father was very talented and passed the first class in every academic examination. His father, Hafiz Vilayatullah, retired from Bhandara in 1928 as deputy commissioner and district. Muhammad Hidayatullah had two brothers and a sister. That was the smallest of them. Muhammad Hidayatullah's mother's name was Muhmadi Begum, who had relations with a religious family of Madhya Pradesh, who resided in Hendiaa. Muhammad Hidayatullah's mother died on July 31, 1937.

While serving in government service, the British government provided Khan Badaru's title to the son of Hidayatullah, the Kesri Hidayat Medal, the Bharatiya Seva Samman and the Saint Jones Ambulance badge. His father was also an all India level poet and at the age of 9 only he got the title of scholarship Muslim title Hafiz. He wrote poetry in Persian and Urdu. The Kutub Publications of Mumbai published his collection of poetry in the name of 'Soj-e-Godaj'. His father's second book, 'Tamir-e-Hayat', was published in the form of a serious philosophical form. Hidayatullah's father was also a member of the legislative council for 6 years. Muhammad Hidayatullah's father died on November 1, 1949.

Education

Hidayatullah's family was radiant with education and understood its significance. For this reason, Hidayatullah and his two brothers, Ikramullah and Ahmadullah, got the chance to get good education from the beginning. At that time there was uniform system in high-quality schools. Hidayatullah spent the first 6 years of his life in Nagpur. In 1921, it had acquired eligibility for the matriculation examination. But in 1921, the opportunity to sit in the matriculation examination was not received because of the age of 16 years. Then it was the rule that the matriculation examination can be given by the same student, who has attained the age of 16 years. For this reason, Hidayatullah passed matriculation examination in 1922. He was then at Government School in Raipur and got 'Philips Scholarship' due to his first appearance in the examination.

Hidayatullah enrolled in Morris College for further studies and got a Bachelor of Arts degree in arts. They got second place in this examination. He was deprived of getting first place from a number, however he was awarded gold medal. In 1926 Hidayatullah went to London with his brother Ahmadullah. There he gave some tests. After that, in 1927 Trinity College enrolled in the subject in Cambridge. They were fond of reading. Because of this, he took English as an additional subject. Then, before coming to India in June 1930, he passed the examination of the Laws 'Lincoln Inn'. But he could not get advocacy higher education.

After coming to India, Hidayatullah made private practice in the Nagpur High Court from 1930 to 1936. In these six years he has earned a lot of reputation as an Advocate. His wish was that he would do the teaching work in life. Bhagya also provided this opportunity to M. Hidayatullah from 1934 to 1942. He started teaching as a part time professor of law in Nagpur University.

Hidayatullah used to give lectures in class with very simplicity and enjoyment. Their lectures were very effective for their students. His fellow lecturer liked them too After some time, he became the dean of the Faculty of Law Faculty run by the University of Nagpur. Very few people will know that our former Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao was also his student there.

Thus, climbing the staircase ladder, Muhammad Hidayatullah achieved a place in life. He was a Advocate from 1936 to 1942 in Nagpur High Court and a Government lawyer from 1942 to 1943. In this way, on 24th June 1946, during the British Sultanate, he was also the acting judge of the High Court of Nagpur. He was made a traditional judge on August 13, 1946 and remained in office till 1954.

Conjugal life

On 5th May 1948, M. Hidayatullah took an interracial marriage with a Hindu girl Pushpa at the age of 43. Pushpa was from a good family and her father A. N. Shah (ICS Chairman) was the All India Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. This marriage had a lot of respect in the circumstances under Nagpur and all sections of the society also gave warm greetings to the families of both.

In the next year of marriage, Hidayatullah received the son, whose name was Arshad. As the second child, she was a daughter, named after her. But on June 9, 1960, daughter Avani died. Arshad later also became a successful advocate and he got married to Deshpant's niece Nayantara in 1977.

Acting presidential post

India's knowledgeable constitution makers had made the necessary rules in relation to the presidential election, but he made a mistake. He assumed the vice president as the presidential candidate, if for some reason the post of President is vacant, then in what condition should the President be given? This situation arose from the death of Dr Zakir Hussain on May 3, 1969, at the presidency. Then Varahagiri Venkat Giri was made acting president in the funeral, which was a provision in the constitution. But according to the Indian constitution, elections are held for president. Even after becoming a caretaker president, Shri V.V. Giri wanted to contest the presidential election. But for this, the caretaker could only become the candidate by renouncing the post of president or Vice-President. In such a situation, two constitutional questions were raised about which no arrangement was made in the constitution. The first question was that when Mr. V.V. Giri handed over his resignation to the caretaker President, the second question was, what post should he quit - Vice President or the caretaker President? Then V.V. Giri gave his resignation in consultation with the experts, before 12 o'clock on July 20, 1969, as vice-president. This resignation was addressed to the President of India. It would also be relevant to state that in the acting presidential post, he was only till 10am on July 20, 1969. This entire event was edited because the meeting of Parliament was convened on May 28, 1969 and it was enacted under Act 16 that in the absence of both President and Vice President, the Chief Justice of India's Supreme Court, or in the absence of the Supreme Court, The senior judge may be sworn in as president. In this perspective, under the new arrangement it was possible that in the event of the vacancy of both President and Vice President, Chief Justice, Supreme Court can be made acting President. After this arrangement, then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Muhammad Hidayatullah, was sworn in as the new acting president of India. Accordingly, according to Act 16 passed in 1969, on Sunday 20 July 1969, at ten o'clock in the Ashok cell of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, they were administered oath of office and secrecy as acting president. Prior to becoming a caretaker president, M. Hidayatullah had to quit the post of chief justice of the Supreme Court. Then at that position J. C. Shah was made the new acting chief justice. The Acting Chief Justice, the Supreme Court administered M. Hidayatullah to the caretaker presidential oath. He remained the acting president for 35 days. From the midnight of 20 July 1969 to midday on August 24, 1969, his working president was at the time. Thus, due to the unexpected situation, he had to take charge of the acting President.

Vice President

On August 31, 1979, Mr. Hidayatullah was elected unanimously by the Vice President of India. He completed his Vice-President's tenure for the period 31 August 1984. While Vice-President, from 1979 to 1984, he was also the Vice Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi and Punjab universities. On October 4, 1991, he was also given honorary membership of 'Bharatiya Vidya Parishad'. In this way, he gave full dignity to each post. After completing the term of Vice-President, M. Hidayatullah felt happiness like Azad Pandhe. He had played a great responsibility faithfully. During this time he was also the Chairman of Rajya Sabha due to being Vice President. But they were never charged with misusing or favoring the post. In the Rajya Sabha, it is like the favorite friend of all the members. After retiring, well-known politicians praised their free-will. When he left for Mumbai after completing the term of the Vice-President, he was sent to New Delhi Railway Station by the Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, Vice President R. Venkataraman, Home Minister Narasimha Rao and high officials were involved.

Achievements

Hidayatullah was honored with the honorary doctorate of civil law at the special convocation function of Delhi University on September 29, 1984. He also created useful books such as great-grandfather, grandfather and father while fulfilling his ancestral tradition.

Compositions

'The South West Africa Case',

'Democracy in India and the Judician Process',

'A Jazz Missellani' (published in 1972)

'A Jazz Miscellany Second Series' (published in 1979),

'A Jazz Miscellany Third Series' (published in 1982)

'Constitutional Law of India' (in three volumes)

'Tahrir-o-Tabir' (Urdu Speech)

'Right to property and the Indian Constitution',

'Naubar-e-Sikandari',

'U.S.A and india '

'Judicial Methods',

'Mullas Muhammad Law' (16th, 17th and 18th edition)

'The Fifth and the Sixth Schedule for the Constitution of India.' Hidayatullah wrote his biography 'My Own Boswell' which was very interesting language. This book was full of entertainment from an ordinary person to lawyer.

Awards and Honors

Officer of the Order of British Empire (OBE), honored on the King's Birthday in 1946

Order of the Yugoslav Flag with Rabbit, 1970

Philadelphia's Great Madel and Panel, 1970

Mark Twain's Knight, 1971

He was inducted into the list of 42 members 'Proud Past Alumni' by Allahabad University Alumni Association.

Respect for Lincoln Inn's Bancure in 1968

President of Honor, In of Court Society, India

War Service Badge (Badge), 1948

Manila and the main person of the city, 1971

Shiromani Award, 1986

Architect of India Award, 1987

Dasharathal Singhvi Memorial Award from Banaras Hindu University

Between 1970 and 1987, 12 Indian Universities and the University of the Philippines gave them a doctoral degree in advocacy and literature.

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