The Gandak River

The Gandak River

The Gabdak River (also known as the Narayani and the Gandak) is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India. In Nepal the river is notable for its deep gorge through the Himalayas. It has a total catchment area of 46,300 square kilometers (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. The basin also contains three of the world's 14 mountains over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft), Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna I. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. It lies between the similar Kosi system to the east and the Karnali (Ghaghara) system to the west.

Length 630 km (391 mi)
Mouth Ganges
Source Nhubine Himal Glacier
Countries Tibet (China), Nepal, India

Glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods
The Gandaki river basin is reported to contain 1025 glaciers and 338 lakes. These contribute substantially to the lean season flows of the river.

Glacier lakes, among the most hazardous features of high mountains, are usually formed behind dams of moraine debris left behind by retreating glaciers, a trend that is observed all over the world. Even though glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events have been occurring in Nepal for many decades, the Dig Tsho glacier outburst, which took place in 1985, has triggered detailed study of this phenomenon. In 1996, the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) of Nepal reported that five lakes were potentially dangerous, namely, Dig Tsho, Imja, Lower Barun, Tsho Rolpa, and Thulagi, all lying above 4,100 metres (13,500 ft). A recent study done by ICIMOD and UNEP (UNEP, 2001) reported 27 potentially dangerous lakes in Nepal. In ten of them GLOF events have occurred in the past few years and some have been regenerating after the event.

Thulagi glacier The Thulagi glacier, which is located in the Upper Marsyangdi River basin, is one out of the two moraine-dammed lakes (supra-glacial lakes), identified as a potentially dangerous lake. The KfW, Frankfurt, the BGR (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Germany), in cooperation with the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology in Kathmandu, have carried out studies on the Thulagi Glacier and have concluded that even assuming the worst case, a disastrous outburst of the lake can be excluded in the near future.

#tagautam #educatererindia #share #upsc #7004069539_whatsapp

Comments

Post a Comment

Latest Updates on official website of Educaterer India

Loading...

Labels

Show more

Don't Miss To Read This

Image

Different Types of Guest Room Cleaning Agents / Chemicals (R1 to R9)

Cleaning agents are the most critical aids of housekeeping department in their day to day operations to keep the room and public area neat and clean. When it comes to Cleaning chemicals / agents Taski or Diversey products are considered as the bench mark in hospitality industry. There are specific products which need to be used for each cleaning requirement and these cleaning agents are given specific codes eg: R1, R2, R3 (The letter 'R' Stands for 'Room Care'.) Etc. for ease of identification, recognition and use. TASKI / Diversey R1:  Cleaning and Sanitising of Bathroom / Toilet surfaces   Area to be cleaned:  All batroom surfaces, sink, tub, tiles, floors and fittings How to Dilute: For cleaning : 20 ml in 1 ltr. water For sanitizing : 50 ml in 1 ltr. water Usage of this Cleaning Agent: Spray directly on the surface to be cleaned Leave for 2 seconds Scrub if necessary and wipe surface with clean and dry cloth Replace cloth regular...
Image

Kitchen Organisation Chart / F&B Production Organization Chart

The organisation chart of F&B Production department should provide a clear picture of the lines of authority and the channels of communication within the department. In a large hotel the department is headed by the  Executive Chef  who is assisted by the Executive Sous Chef. Kitchen / F&B production department chart not only provides for a systematic direction of orders, but also protects employees form being over directed. The chart shows that each employee should take orders only from the person directly above him / her. A copy of the chart should be posted in an area so that all kitchen staff can see where they fit into the overall organisation of the department. Ideally the organization chart need to be placed on the kitchen notice board. Hotel F&B Production Organisation chart  Kitchen Organization Chart for Small Hotel / Restaurant
Image

Different Types of Cleaning Cloths and their uses in housekeeping

There are different variety of cloths which are used in the housekeeping department for performing various cleaning activities like wet and dry cleaning by the housekeeping staff. For efficient and correct usage of these cleaning cloths same should be colour-coded and also the staff need to be well trained on selecting and using different type of cloths for specific type of cleaning. Swabs:   These are all-purpose cloths made of soft, absorbent material. They are used for wet cleaning and damp dusting of all surfaces above floor level. They can be also used for cleaning sanitary fittings such as bathtubs and wash basins. Wipes:   Wipes include loosely woven or knitted cotton cloths and non-woven cloths. Synthetic sponges may also be grouped under this category. They are available in various sizes and shapes. Sponges are better than cloths for washing walls, woodwork, glass and upholstery. Dusters:   These are meant for du...